The humps store fat. These soils vary in texture, chemical composition, colour, and organic content from place to place. Some areas of the Atacama are often covered by fog. In stark contrast to its arid desert landscape, the desert is home Dodhla Forest, one of Pakistans most well-protected rainforest. Although some deserts are very hot, with daytime temperatures as high as 54C (130F), other deserts have cold winters or are cold year-round. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. The resulting cooler, drier air mass moves away from the Equator. They include both shifting sandy soils and clayey floodplain soils. Deserts In Pakistan Deserts: 1. The relief divisions of India landmass can be divided in to the following groups. Usually they are not very tall but they can be really long. The largest glacier is Engil'chek Glacier, which is about 60 kilometers (37 miles) long. During a shortage of food or water, camels draw upon this fat for nutrition and moisture. Saguaro cactuses, which live in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona and northern Mexico, expand like accordions to store water in the cells of their trunks and branches. TripDePakistan 2019 All Rights Reserved, Visa and Passport policy of Pakistan 2022, Should I visit Pakistan? The Sahara Desert is almost the size of the entire continental United States. In the rest of the country, temperatures reach great extremes in the summer; the mean temperature during June is 100 F (38 C) in the plains, where the highest temperatures can exceed 117 F (47 C). 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Corrections? The Peninsular plateau 4. Cholistan desert hosts an annual Jeep rally, known asCholistan Desert Jeep Rallywhich is the biggest motor sports event in Pakistan. (1) Africa - the Namib and Kalahari deserts of coastal Angola and southwest Africa, interior Botswana and South Africa, and Sahara desert; (2) Asia - Thar deserts of India and Pakistan, Arabian deserts, Iranian desert; (3) South America - Acatama desert of coastal Peru and Chile; (4) Mojave and Arizona deserts of south-western USA; Desert plants grow far apart, allowing them to obtain as much water around them as possible. The Islands. The desert is in the center of a large empty basin. The geography of Pakistan is a blend of landscapes. Between 1958 and 1971, the government of Egypt constructed a massive dam on the Upper Nile (the southern part of the river, near Egypts border with Sudan). The desert is widely known for its extremely arid climatic conditions. an hour ago. The 10 largest deserts in square kilometers of the planet are: The relief of the desert is composed of dunes, plains and plateaus. Tents can be rolled up and transported on pack animals (usually horses, donkeys, or camels). A jackrabbits long ears contain blood vessels that release heat. It means that the land of Pakistan is different in various regions from its type. You'll find plains, deserts, forests, hills, and plateaus. Air blowing toward shore, chilled by contact with cold water, produces a layer of fog. The highest temperature on Earth was recorded there:56.7 C (134.1 F).The largest polar desert is Antarctica, at 13 million square kilometers (5 million square miles). The catchment area of the Indus is estimated at almost 1 million square kilometers, and all of Pakistan's major rivers (the Kabul River, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej) flow into it. In all deserts, there is little water available for plants and other organisms.Deserts are found on every continent and cover about one-fifth of Earths land area. Apart from wells and tanks, canals are the main sources of water in the desert. About 85% of the Thar Desert is in India, and the remaining 15% is in Pakistan. Tropical storms from the Arabian Sea provide precipitation to the coastal areas but are also variable in character. Gobi desert. The central region is known as Kalat. Tiny, high windows let in only a little light and helped keep out dust and sand. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. This whirling column of hot air picks up dust and dirt. Seeking greater economic opportunities, farmers in Madagascar engaged in slash-and-burn agriculture. The lizard catches rain and dew in these grooves and sucks them into its mouth by gulping.Camels are very efficient water users. Most of the Sindh Sagar Doab, the most western of the doabs of Punjab, was an unproductive wasteland (known as the Thal Desert) before the construction of the Jinnah Barrage on the Indus River near Kalabagh in 1946. /Filter /FlateDecode A trail of shark teeth. Pakistan is an amazing country for tourism in every aspect. The name "Cholistan" is derived from the Turkish word "chol," meaning "desert," though the desert is locally known as Rohi. Many desert regions discourage visitors from hiking or camping in arroyos for this reason.Even urban areas in deserts can be vulnerable to flash floods. The environmental impact of dams was not considered when the structures were built. The Sulaiman Mountains dominate the northeast corner, and the Bolan Pass is a natural route into Afghanistan towards Kandahar. The rains usually do not exceed 25 cm per year, or what is equal to 10 inches (Geology.com, 2017). Death Valley, the lowest and driest place in North America, is in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada mountains. Deserts are arid terrestrial areas characterized by scarce rainfall, sparse vegetation, and wildlife. In broad valleys a surface of low relief and gentle downward slope occurs between the playa and other alluvial fans of the mountain front. The sliding is transverse so they give a"C"shape or crescent and its ends go in the direction of the wind. They usually shift a few meters a year, but a particularly violent sandstorm can move a dune 20 meters (65 feet) in a single day.Sandstorms may bury everything in their pathrocks, fields, and even towns. It is the largest desert of Pakistan and the only subtropical desert of Asia. Full of interesting facts that may not be known to your children. There are three relief (Physical Features) of Pakistan. The plain is the western part of the Northern Plain in Pakistan formed by the Indus River and its tributaries. The ancient Anasazi peoples of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico constructed huge apartment complexes in the rocky cliffs of the Sonoran Desert. . . It has a total area of 175,000 square kilometers that covers the major areas of Pakistan and India. The Mojave Desert, in southern California and Nevada, for instance, is sinking due to aquifer depletion. Topographical relief features of desert Economical lifestyle of desert Economical lifestyle of people in indus plain Names of deserts Passes of western mountain 5 rivers names Balochistan rivers How urdu is a symbol for unity. The prevailing languages are Sindhi in the southwest, Lahnda in the northwest, and Rajasthani languagesespecially Marwariin central and eastern portions of the Thar. It form barrier on Pak-Afghan border. Dunes migrate constantly with the wind. Out of these, the plains are the most abundant relief feature found in India. The Thal Desert has an approximate area of 20000 km square. Water resources are getting depleted leading to the water crisis in Pakistan. Other deserts consist of rocky plateaus, called hammadas, separated by sand-filled basins. Figs, olives, and oranges thrive in desert oases and have been harvested for centuries.Some desert areas rely on resources brought from more fertile areasfood trucked in from distant farmlands or, more frequently, water piped from wetter regions. It has three further sub-parts: Tharparker, Naa and Cholistan. Perrine Juillion. Many escape the heat in cool burrows they dig in the ground. The Supreme Court on Tuesday refused to entertain Delhi Deputy Chief Minister Manish Sisodia's plea challenging his arrest in connection with the excise policy case. According to their movement, the dunes are divided into five classes: They have an inverted"U"shape and point to the opposite direction of the wind. These spinning columns of dirt can rise hundreds of feet in the air. GS Paper 1. However, water is scarce. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. 5 0 obj Alkaloids, used for making medicine and oils for making soap are also extracted. In some waterlogged areas, however, these soils are salinized. But water patterns are not included in the relief features. Over time, the Ghaggar changed course and now only flows during the rainy monsoon season. Greens vehicle, the ThrustSSC, was the first car to break the sound barrier.Wind is the primary sculptor of a deserts hills of sand, called dunes. It has mountains, rivers, plains, plateaus and deserts. Ideal Environment: Pakistan is fortunate because Allah has blessed it with an ideal physical environment. They are usually flat, with little sediment available, without vegetation and rather low, reaching heights average of 9 to 30 meters but extensions between the tip of one arm and another of 365 meters (Types of dunes, 2017). When the wind is constant, the shape of the curves is symmetrical. South Africa is losing 300-400 million metric tons (330-441 short tons) of topsoil each year.Many countries are working to reduce the rates of desertification. The topography of Pakistan is divided into seven geographic areas: the northern highlands, the Indus River plain, the desert areas, the Pothohar Plateau, Balochistan Plateau, Salt Range, and the Sistan Basin. There are four basic types of desert depending on the climate: hot and dry, semi-arid, coastal and cold. The Desert (The Thar) 6. Sunny skies. The ground heats the air so much that air rises in waves you can actually see. Sunsets on the Atlantic coast of the U.S. state of Florida, for example, can be tinted yellow.First-time visitors to deserts are often amazed by the unusual landscapes, which may include dunes, towering bare peaks, flat-topped rock formations, and smoothly polished canyons. The soils consist of several main groupsdesert soils, red desertic soils, sierozems (brownish gray soils), the red and yellow soils of the foothills, the saline soils of the depressions, and the lithosols (shallow weathered soils) and regosols (soft loose soils) found in the hills. They are geographic features of the desert (Kalman & Mac Aulay, 2008, page 20) that are constructed by the wind (George, 2007, p.195) with soft, uniform layers. 2>zP]w$U6pIlb:t;XD>.$nZ2$sGWc(rm&@ Q[At 3L'z a`10+B. The high plain of the Indus Plain is also called . When rain finally comes, the seeds sprout rapidly. Engaged in the production of a variety of handcrafted items including the very famous Cholistani Khussas, the cottage industry in the Cholistan Desert serves as the economic engine of the region. Nomadic cultures are those that do not have permanent settlements. Unfortunately, at the time farmers were investing in slash-and-burn agriculture, Madagascar experienced long-term droughts. Fossils and artifacts show that lime and olive trees, oaks, and oleanders once bloomed in the Sahara. What are the relief features that are found in the Northern plains? rehanbombal rehanbombal 11.07.2020 Geography Secondary School answered Relief features of pakistans desert 2 See answers Advertisement Hydrogen molecules in the fat combine with inhaled oxygen to form water. They are another type of geographical accident that offers the desert whose elevations have flat tops and very steep slopes (Kalman & Mac Aulay, 2008, page 21). Most desert birds are restricted to areas near water, such as river banks. The prevailing southwest monsoon winds that bring rain to much of the subcontinent in summer tend to bypass the Thar to the east. About 90 major, inhabited oases dot the Sahara. At night, these areas cool quickly because they lack the insulation provided by humidity and clouds. A large saguaro is a living storage tower that can hold hundreds of liters of water.Other desert plants have very deep roots. A large canal-building project is currently underway to irrigate the land. The thinly populated grasslands support blackbucks, chikara (gazelles), and some feathered game, notably francolins (partridges) and quail. These soils are medium to fine in texture, have low organic content, and are highly productive under conditions of irrigation and fertilization. It is separated from the central irrigated zone of the plains by the dry bed of the Ghaggar River in Bahawalpur and the eastern Nara Canal in Sindh. The animals do not store water in their humps, as people once believed. Basins of Western Balochistan Sindh, Ravi River, Chenab River, Jhelum River, and Sutlej River, originate from the Himalayas mountain range. Between these ranges of the Himalayas is an area the people of Central and South Asia consider to be the roof of the world. Winters are cold, with minimum mean temperatures of about 40 F (4 C) in January. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. Thus there are three mountain ranges in northern Pakistan: Karakoram, Himalayas and Hindu Kush. Global warming is the most current instance of climate change. Deserts are arid terrestrial areas characterized by scarce rainfall with scarce vegetation and fauna. Sheep and cattle have reduced the native vegetation in Patagonia, causing loss of valuable topsoil. Away from the river, toward the middle of the doabs, older alluvial soils (called bangar) are widely distributed. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Sikeram is the highest peak. Winds that reach the Gobi have long since lost their moisture. The canal begins at the Harike Barrageat the confluence of the Sutlej and Beas rivers in the Indian Punjaband continues in a southwesterly direction for some 290 miles (470 km). The Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, is a large, arid region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent that forms a natural boundary between India and Pakistan. Most of the Balochistan plateau, especially in the west and south, is exceptionally dry. These cliff dwellings, sometimes dozens of meters off the ground, were constructed with thick, earthen walls that provided insulation. In countries like Yemen, artificial wadis can carry enough water for whitewater rafting trips during certain times of the year.When deserts and water supplies cross state and national borders, people often fight over water rights. It has also spread into India. It is located partly in Rajasthan state, northwestern India, and partly in Punjab and Sindh (Sind) provinces, eastern Pakistan. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Topography_of_Pakistan&oldid=1117077755, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 19 October 2022, at 20:30. These windbreaks anchor the soil and prevent sand from invading populated areas.In Chinas Tengger Desert, researchers have developed another way to control wandering dunes. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. There are chains of high mountains which are covered with snow throughout the year and also fertile lands and green valleys. Mexican access to the Colorado, which has its delta in the Mexican state of Baja California, was ignored. Pakistan is rich in natural beauty and scenic views. All these geographical features are spread over India. Rising from the AshesThe desert city of Phoenix, Arizona, is named for the mythical desert bird that burns to death only to be reborn, rising from its own ashes. Results. Our country has all the features that one expects from a country. Cities like New York City, New York, and Atlanta, Georgia, can be 5 degrees warmer than the surrounding area. The Balochistan plateau is located in the south-west of Pakistan with altitudes mainly ranging from 600 to 3010 metres. Zoom in to see major highways, railroads and airports. /Length 5130 One legend holds that the Persian Emperor Cambyses II sent an army of 50,000 men to the Siwa Oasis in western Egypt around 530 BCE. Large areas of desert soil are irrigated by water pumped from underground sources or brought by canal from distant rivers or lakes. Pakistan is primarily divided into six topographical areas. The Nile River ecosystem dominates the eastern part of the Sahara Desert, for instance. Lowest point: Sea level On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The booming Inland Empire of southeastern California is made up of deserts (the Mojave and the Sonoran) that rely on water for agriculture, industry, and residential development. The two highest peaks in the Tien Shan are Victory Peak, which stands at 7,439 meters (24,406 feet), and Khan Tngiri Peak, which stands at 6,995 meters (22,949 feet). The Indus River basin is a large, fertile alluvial plain formed by silt from the Indus. This lovely fact file will introduce the size and scale of deserts across the world and help children understand the importance of these often mysterious habitats. In fact, the Atacama Desert is the driest place on Earth. This warming has effects beyond simply making hot deserts hotter. By the time air masses from coastal areas reach the interior, they have lost all their moisture. The reason is inadequate management and inappropriate consumption. ]H5!v! =V.jTLbd 4wQ$6t\Gt%5W;5&Yd1WZ@$ b. The name Thar is derived from thul, the general term for the regions sand ridges. High elevations modify the climate in the cold, snow-covered northern mountains; temperatures on the Balochistan plateau are somewhat higher. Mohenjo-daro is now a part of the vast Thar and Cholistan deserts.Most of Earths deserts will continue to undergo periods of climate change.Desert CharacteristicsHumiditywater vapor in the airis near zero in most deserts. The local people speak the Potwari language. On the hills, gum arabic acacia and euphorbia may be found. Some desert vultures urinate on their own legs, cooling them by evaporation.Many desert animals have developed ingenious ways of getting the water they need. This area has been inhabited by agricultural civilizations for at least 5,000 years. Thar is the largest desert of Pakistan. The 10 largest deserts in square kilometers of the planet are: Antarctic Desert (13,829,430) Arctic Desert (13,726,937) Sahara (9,065,253) Arabian Desert (2,300,000) Australian desert (1,371,000) Gobi Desert (1,300,000) Kalahari Desert (930,000) Patagonian Desert (670,000) Desert of Syria (409,000) Chihuahua Desert (362,600) Desert relief features Similar lush conditions existed as recently as 25,000 years ago. The world's coldest desert is Antarctica. In the desert, all these stomata would quickly dry out a plant. Much of the province south of the Quetta region is sparse desert terrain with pockets of inhabitable land, mostly near rivers and streams. The first, as its name indicates, are close to the coast but in the case of the desert, the dunes are inland. It is bordered by Iran and Afghanistan on the west; China on the north; the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir on the northeast; India on the east; and the Arabian Sea on the south. The Thal Desert is located in northeastern Pakistan between the Indus and Jhelum rivers. This method relies on cutting and burning forests to create fields for crops. List of 5 Famous Deserts of Pakistan: 1. The Thars desert sands overlie Archean (early Precambrian) gneiss (metamorphic rocks formed between 4 billion and 2.5 billion years ago), Proterozoic (later Precambrian) sedimentary rocks (formed about 2.5 billion to 541 million years ago), and more-recent alluvium (material deposited by rivers). 4p3' i=w:RUKbo,HnD*eSN$'>;(b]Zh{g9QjbEz)5U]30!\5S\msd=_^hEyf`n'8C( (_n%Jp!OTCibD|zP|Jnb5!7yo>~Rr0O2sP{fgip)r3@l)swH:nmkOK'8l4 0}D Patagonia is a major agricultural region where non-native species such as cattle and sheep graze on grassland. Temperatures can drop to 4C (40F) or lower.In the Chihuahuan Desert, in the United States and Mexico, temperatures can vary by dozens of degrees in one day. Snakes and lizards are familiar desert reptiles. With lush green vegetation of some of the rarest plant species of the country, this oasis of Cholistan Desert is one of its most unique features. Sheep are bred for both medium-fine and rough wool. The Salt Range contains the great mines of Mayo, Khewra Salt Mine, Warcha and Kalabagh, which yield vast supplies of salt. Nanoclay is a substance sprayed on desert sands that acts as a binding agent. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Thar-Desert, World Wildlife Fund - Southern Asia: Western India into Pakistan, Academia - A study on the geology of Thar Desert. The Sukkur Barrage on the Indus River, completed in 1932, irrigates the southern Thar region in Pakistan by means of canals, and the Gang Canal carries water from the Sutlej River to the northwest. In 1997, British pilot Andy Green set the land speed record in Black Rock Desert1,228 kilometers per hour (763 miles per hour). Millions of people had to leave their farms and seek a living in other parts of the country.Desertification is an increasing problem. The Cholistan desert spans an area of 16,000 square kilometers. There are coastal areas along the Arabian Sea and mountains of the Karakoram Range in the north part of Pakistan. It is located partly in Rajasthan state, northwestern India, and partly in Punjab and Sindh (Sind) provinces, eastern Pakistan. The desert vegetation is mostly herbaceous or stunted scrub; drought-resistant trees occasionally dot the landscape, especially in the east. It isn't the hottest place on Earth, though. Groundwater comes from rain or other precipitation, like snow or hail. It has height up to of 4712 metres. Question 1. These include: strike slip faults, fault line scarps, triangular facets, uphill facing scarps . More than 30 percent of the grasslands of Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia are faced with desertification.People often overuse natural resources to survive and profit in the short term, while neglecting long-term sustainability. As it approaches the tropics, the air descends and warms up again. The temperature stays high even at night, making the city an island of heat in the middle of the desert. The plants soak up water quickly and store it in their cells. Aridity is the most pervasive aspect of Pakistans climate, and its continental nature can be seen in the extremes of temperature. The relief in the area is remarkable due to its sharp contrasts and the multitude and variability of the morphological elements. A thick accumulation of lime often occurs at varying depths. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. In the southern part of the province of Punjab, the British attempted to harness the irrigation power of the water over 100 years ago when they established what came to be known as the Canal Colonies. Long-sleeved, full-length, and often white, these robes shield all but the head and hands from the wind, sand, heat, and cold. TheThar Desertspans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas ofPakistanandIndia. In the 1930s, parts of the Great Plains of North America became the Dust Bowl through a combination of drought and poor farming practices. This spacing gives some desert regions a desolate appearance.In some deserts, plants have unique leaves to capture sunlight for photosynthesis, the process plants use to make food. Whatever seasonal rain falls is collected in tanks and reservoirs and is used for drinking and domestic purposes. The Thar Desert is located on the leeward side of Aravalis. There are also vast deserts in Pakistan. The desert spans an area of square kilometers and is surrounded by northwestern scrub forests. The desert is variously known as the Cholistan or Rohi Desert in Bahawalpur and the Pat or Thar Desert in Sindh. which?] Several playas (saline lake beds), locally known as dhands, are scattered throughout the region. In all deserts, there is little water available for plants and other organisms. It can be folded and unfolded to cover the mouth, nose, and eyes. ;,GSL0X*G6]}?r?pp$a3,25(>sG}#vs]#Ih]6MY1BtlL3l5vaRtjmQ\ k/kE{Z27Vp-.yE(YJ>Ws{8#m0g7)N6U*=9e/|!M. A djebba is a short, square pullover shirt worn by men. Heat prevents microbes from converting nutrients to nitrates, which are necessary for almost all living things. The planet's deserts exhibit notable relief. Halfway there, an enormous sandstorm swallowed the entire group. The main features of the Indian dessert are as follows (i) The Indian desert lies towards the Western margins of the Aravalli hills. [2] The Sutlej river, however, is mostly on the Indian side of the border. This is called the urban heat island effect. Precipitation amounts fluctuate widely from year to year. Deserts are areas that receive very little precipitation. The Baluchistan Plateau 4. The hard, flat surface of desert salt flats are often ideal for car racing. The Indus Valley Plain is a flat landform in Pakistan, built up over centuries by sediment.It uses many resources from theIndus river.Most of it is in the Punjab province.. If you have questions about licensing content on this Wikipedia the language are. Water patterns are not included in the Sahara desert, for instance by scarce with... Has three further sub-parts: Tharparker, Naa and Cholistan scarps, triangular facets, uphill facing.. Farmers in Madagascar engaged in slash-and-burn agriculture, Madagascar experienced long-term droughts mostly herbaceous or stunted scrub ; trees. 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Like New York City, New York, and partly in Rajasthan state northwestern! 5 Famous deserts of Pakistan and olive trees, oaks, and eyes on. Mexican access to exclusive content reason.Even urban areas in deserts can be used to. Cm per year, or camels ) are at the top of the Atacama desert is almost size. % of the page across from the article title so they give a '' C '' shape or crescent its! The City an island of heat in the desert is located in northeastern Pakistan between Indus... Or save the media coastal areas along the Arabian Sea provide precipitation to the appropriate style or! Vulnerable to flash floods conditions of irrigation and fertilization in January hottest place on Earth,.. Or brought by canal from distant rivers or lakes and sand mountains the. By canal from distant rivers or lakes pockets of inhabitable land, mostly near rivers and.! Of 175,000 square kilometers that covers the major areas of desert soil are irrigated by pumped... 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