So how was it that he was sunk? Knights Cross ALMOST HOME CONVOY IN SIGHTwith Oak Leafand Crossed Swords, U-99 vs. HMS LAURENTIC and HMS PATROCLEUS, OTTO KRETSCHMER served ten years on our Sharkhunters Advisory Boats.Click here to view the entire Board. Kretschmer was born in Heidau near Neisse, then in the German Empire on 1 May 1912 to Friedrich Wilhelm Otto and Alice (ne Herbig) Kretschmer. He was understandably upset when he and all the other Type II boats in the area were ordered to get back into the North Sea, far away from Scapa Flow. He was the best of the best he knew how to penetrate a destroyer screen and because he had lived in England and studied at Cambridge prior to the war, he read the English and French tactical books on anti-submarine warfare in the captured French HQ in Brest he knew what depth settings the Royal Navy used and so he kept his boat at depths they did not set on their charges. Exhausted and unable to move, OTTO ordered one of his men to go back over the side, into the cold sea, and retrieve his cap from the water. Something went wrong, please try again later. [22], U-23 departed from Kiel on 8 January 1940 for its sixth war patrol and Schnee had been replaced by Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Dietrich von Tiesenhausen. From September 1939 until his capture in March 1941 he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. They were both sunk within seven hours, during which the U-boat fired ten torpedoes and four rounds from the deck gun, while the vessels returned fire without damaging the U-boat. Comes with leather case. He did not come through the hatch he must be lost at sea. The crew remained in lifeboats nearby for reboarding once the attack was over. The building was located at number 8 Kensington Palace Gardens. [30] The destroyer crew lifted the black-out curtains, making the attack easy. On 19 March 1934, his stay on Deutschland ended and he was transferred to the light cruiser Kln (20 March 26 September 1934). At the time, Kretschmer . COOPER said that this was one of the warmest compliments he had ever received. On the night of 18/19 October, Berndt escaped from the camp. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. Sharkhunters President HARRY COOPER knew OTTO KRETSCHMER better than any other researcher and the two men were good friends. Our DVD-56 features OTTO KRETSCHMER and you may get a glimpse of that DVD click here: SCENE 1 SCENE 2 SCENE 3, OTTO KRETSCHMER was with us for several of our Patrols in Germany and also in the USA. [57] On 7 December 1940, Kretschmer sank the Dutch freighter Farmsum; the last success of the year. When my boat returned to port, we lay to outside the harbor and every man shaves and takes a salt water shower, then puts on clean coveralls even the Captain. It went passed its crushing depth of 700m, and all looked lost. Thistle was sunk weeks later by U-4. From September 1939 until his capture in March 1941 he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. He was taken to a prisoner of war camp in Cumbria, before being sent to Canada. He then attended a training course (16 October 1957 28 February 1958) for amphibious forces in the United States. Alongside his military skill was a character that remained rooted in the traditions of the Prussian military. I am grateful to the late Horst Bredow and Peter Monte at the Deutsches U-Boot-Museum for providing access to the unpublished records of U23 and U99. He was the highest scoring U-Boat ace of the war sinking 44 ships totalling 266,029 tons. Sir Donald even returned the binoculars he had taken from Kretschmer when he was captured. As always you can unsubscribe at any time. The cygnets came close to the seawall for the food while the adult birds stayed about five or six feet away. In 1943, the men dug a tunnel out of the camp ahead of an 870-mile journey across Canada to New Brunswick. OTTO and COOPER were splashed with the flying mud and water as Juli and Papa Swan ran madly around the yard, tearing up the soft green grass and leaving ruts and tracks in their wake. Footnote: Otto Kretschmer (May 1, 1912 - August 5, 1998) was the most successful German U-boat commander in the Second World War and later an admiral in the Bundesmarine. Later in the war, his ship was torpedoed; before that he nursed a bent-nosed destroyer back to port after ramming a U-boat. U-99 was one of the most successful German U-boats in the war, sinking 38 ships for a total tonnage of 244,658 gross register tons (GRT) of Allied shipping in eight patrols. As U-99 returns from an early Feindfahrt, we see that the crew is neatly arranged (photo left) on the deck and there is no White Cap on the Skipper. There, they would meet a German U-boat to take them back to Germany. Sir, do you think that OTTO KRETSCHMER will be with us on this trip? to which OTTO smiled and replied; I think he is already here. at which point the Member nearly fell out of his chair. Kretschmer was so outraged that he and other officers organised a rebellion. The people were all seated at their tables in the dining room and COOPER was table-hopping to make sure that everything was going well. Her eyes misted up and a smile came to her lips, and then she said; A canal ran along behind the Kretschmer house and here we see Mrs. Kretschmer feeding the ducks with their little Schnauzer Juli. Otto Kretschmer - nicknamed 'Silent Otto' by his enemies - sank hundreds of thousands of tons of Allied shipping during a brutal U-boat campaign, Sign up for our Exeter newsletter and you'll never miss a big story again. [28] Kretschmer returned to Wilhelmshaven on 15 January. While on vacation in Bavaria in the summer of 1998, after an accident on a boat on the Danube, while celebrating his 50th wedding anniversary, he stumbled and was unconscious, he died two days later, old age 86, on 05-08-1998. Kretschmer signalled a British ship asking for rescue for his crew, and he even helped his men up the rescue nets that hung from the British destroyer. COOPER grinned and said;Lets ask this gentleman here. [76] During his captivity, Kretschmer was promoted in rank to Korvettenkapitn (Lieutenant-Commander) on 19 March 1941, effective as of 1 March 1941, and to Fregattenkapitn (Commander) on 1 September 1944. McIntyre was the commanding officer of Walker, one of the ships that was involved in the sinking of U-99. Second World War (1939-1945) Awarded on: November 4th, 1940. He quietly went about his business, sinking more ships than any other Skipper in the war, and stayed out of politics. Kretschmer docked in Lorient on 21 July. The photo above right of KRETSCHMER carrying flowers and a booklet was on the occasion of the dedication of the Kretschmer March. "Silent Otto" Kretschmer circled the lifeboat in the submarine and noted the name faintly painted out on the bow. Under water U-99 had no chance of catching her. They opened the drain valve to drain the flooded conning tower into the Zentralle but only a small amount of water came through. A fall caused fatal injuries. One did escape, but he was apprehended at the meeting point while the U-boat he was due to meet fled with Allied ships in hot pursuit. Leather strap partially torn from case.- 2) Tasco 7x35 fully coated 304. Click on the prints to see their descriptions. Kretschmer was taken separately, but his crew had to negotiate the streets of Liverpool and were subjected to missiles thrown by angry civilians; the city had been heavily bombed and was closely linked with the Atlantic war. Why his average daily tonnage sinking equaled that of de la Perrier. As they pulled up the anchor one day, an actual horseshoe was caught in the flukes of the anchor. "On seeing the craters of a stick of bombs near Buckingham Palace he was genuinely shocked that an attempt had so obviously been made by his countrymen to bomb the Palace. He was given the opportunity to convey his opinions on the state of the U-boat war. [40] The BdU acquired new bases along the French Atlantic coast after the Battle of France. [54], Kretschmer departed for his fifteenth patrol on 27 November and returned on 12 December. The boat went to the yard for repairs and OTTO left no doubt that he wanted his boat and his crew back at sea in the shortest possible time. His particularly brazen and risky innovation was to execute these night surface attacks inside the convoy. A prize crew boarded to sail it to Bordeaux. The report, filed in the archives, was named "U 99" Interrogation of Survivors April, 1941". He allowed the crew to climb into lifeboats before sinking it in an act of mercy that often was his hallmark during the war - on more than one occasion, he gave the crew of a ship he sank whisky and blankets to warm up. After sinking the Magog, he gave his crew brandy as a reward. The skilled U-Boat captain sank more than 40 ships with a combined weight of over a quarter of a million tons during his reign or terror, earning the nickname 'Silent Otto' from his adversaries for his skill in stalking his prey. Bleichrodt reported it and Dnitz succeeded in bringing a number of boats in on it. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. The next day, Kretschmer was transferred to the Amt fr Militrkunde (Department of Military Studies), retiring on 30 September 1970.[18]. Immediate Family: Son of Otto Friedrich Kretschmer and Auguste Johanna Bertha Kretschmer. KRETSCHMER was quickly at the con, but once the boat went under and they were detected, there was no escape. The docking fenders are being lowered at the sides of the boat while approaching the dock. [31] Kretschmer sighted the British submarine Thistle(N24) soon afterwards, and fired a second torpedo which missed. He admitted that he had become weary of the war some time ago, and latterly had got no satisfaction from sinking ship after ship. As the boat went under, she was immediately picked up on the ASDIC of the Royal Navy sub hunters and they came after this new contact. One hugely successful patrol saw him sink the 1,300 ton British fleet destroyer Daring with a solitary torpedo, before speeding off into the night undetected. OTTO knew that the battleship was in this protected harbor, but he felt that a small boat, like his Type II-B, could penetrate the narrow entrance, make a successful attack and withdraw safely. Once secured dockside, the crew poses for a triumphant photo. He became known as the Golden Horseshoe by his men. He loved his time in Exeter, mastering English and developing a huge respect for the British and their way of life. , 4,996GRT, was sunk on 22 February. In 1955, Sir Donald McIntyre returned Kretschmer's binoculars, which he had kept in 1941. [25] The Norwegian Fredville, only 1,150GRT was sunk on 11 January 1940 without warning. An illegal "Court of Honour" was convened and headed by Kretschmer. Despite being captured, the German nay continued to promote him, and even awarded him he Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords - only the fifth member of the German armed forces to receive the accolade. We will cover his accomplishments on another page. Kretschmer then met Hitler at the Reich Chancellery and he repeated his opinions on the war situation. The next day, Kretschmer was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class (Eisernes Kreuz zweiter Klasse). [7] During this assignment, Kretschmer was promoted to Oberfhnrich zur See (Senior Midshipman) on 1 April 1934. The German crew failed to sink the stationary vessel with torpedoes while the weather ruled out the use of the gun. [18] Further patrols took U-23 around the British coast. His first operational posting was to the 2nd U-Flotillas Type VII U35 where he survived almost being drowned during training in the Baltic Sea. Here, however, we focus on OTTO KRETSCHMER, the man. From September 1939 until his surrender in March 1941, he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. [78] Kretschmer was also involved in a second illegal court of honour hearing against the commander of U-501. He very nearly drowned as, in the icy water, he no longer had the strength to climb up himself, only for a British sailor to clamber down and rescue him from the ocean. OTTO replied;It was necessary. Otto had 4 siblings: Cecilie Hulda and 3 other siblings. At the Indienststellung (commissioning) of U-99. Kretschmer sank more than 40 ships during the war, This painting depicts U-99 penetrating an Atlantic convoy before attacking. He hand signed some of our very rare fine art prints. He sank another vessel on his fifth patrol to earn the Iron Cross first class, and he notched up further kills as the war progressed. [69] Kretschmer surfaced and, under fire from the British vessels, scuttled his boat. [37] After sinking Magogthe submarine's first victimKretschmer gave the crew a bottle of brandy and directions to Ireland. COOPER stated that KRETSCHMER was one of the absolutely finest men he had ever known totally honest and honorable. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (German language: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes . For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . We also may change the frequency you receive our emails from us in order to keep you up to date and give you the best relevant information possible. I am sunking. Yep Sunking is the word he used. El Otto Kretschmer (1 de maig de 1912 - 5 de maig de 1998) va ser un comandant de submarins alemany durant la Segona Guerra Mundial, sent l' amb ms xit. Des de setembre de 1939 fins que va ser capturat al mar de 1941, va enfonsar 47 vaixell, amb un total de 274.333 tones. He captured the number one German U-boat ace Otto Kretschmer (whose Zeiss binoculars he took and used for the rest of the war); in the same battle, he directed the attack that killed the second-scoring ace Joachim Schepke. There was still chivalry at sea then and HMS WALKER went dead in the water, dropped over the scramble nets and began pulling the German sailors from the water. [8] On 22 December 1934, Kretschmer was again on Kln serving as the ship's second torpedo officer. It was not this way with U-99. Miraculously, power was restored and it limped back to the surface. That is not the famed Golden Horseshoe on the conning tower; that is the horseshoe-shaped life ring. This was not OTTO KRETSCHMER! 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[34] On 21 June, his ninth patrol, his boat was damaged by an Arado Ar 196 floatplane from Scharnhorst in the belief U-99 was a British submarine. Hermann Michahelles, Otto Kretschmer became commander of U-35 until 15 August 1937. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Kretschmer formed part of "Crew 30" (the incoming class of 1930), 78strong intake of officer candidates. Con su legendario submarino Tipo VII, el U-99, se apunt desde Septiembre de 1.939 hasta Marzo de 1.941, 47 barcos hundidos con un total de 274.333 toneladas. Geleitgeschwader (1st Escort Squadron) which he commanded from 3 January to 15 October 1957. As the passengers got into the lifeboats, OTTO noticed a great number of women and children. Nazi Admiral Otto Kretschmer was responsible for the sinking of 47 vessels in the space of just 18 months His short but prolific spell on German U-boats accounted for the sinking of 273,043 tons. U-99 was badly battered and as they were passing 220 meters, KRETSCHMER ordered emergency surface. A month after the Emden's return to Wilhelmshaven on 2 December 1931, Kretschmer and his crew mates were promoted to the rank of Fhnrich zur See (midshipman) on 1 January 1932. One attack saw him surface in the midst of a convoy before opening fire. In the following, the amplitude of the wave vector k 0 = /c = 2/ 0 of illumination will be useful. This was not the case with U-99. As they were going below, OTTO slipped and fell down the stairwell, striking his head. With this result, Kapitnleutnant Kretschmer has reached . This means that we may include adverts from us and third parties based on our knowledge of you. His time in England shaped his view of them during the war; he was quick to believe in rumours of new British inventions during the war at sea. Otto Kretschmer was one of the most successful U-boat commander in World War II. A special thank you to Gertrud Kassel for sharing her family records about the history of U99, including many unpublished photos. [21] The next day, he sank Tiberton, 5,225GRT, in the Moray Firth. [39], Among the victims was the Estonian ship, Merisaar, 2,126GRT. [68] U-99 was driven down to 700 feetbeyond the recognised crush depth before control was regained and the ballast tanks blown. 12 ships were sunk in total. He demonstrated a cool approach to combat: his mantra one torpedo for one ship proved that the best way for his boat to succeed against a convoy was to remain surfaced as much as possible, penetrating the convoy and using the boats high speed and small silhouette to avoid retaliation. [Note 1] There, he became inspection group leader at the acceptance organization. In this work, Kretschmers success is appraised through the analysis of the key characteristics of his attacks, and the conditions of the battlefield in which he operated. For some reason, little Juli came running at the cygnets, barking like mad. [26] Kretschmer's next success came in the Inganess Bay, Kirkwall, where he attacked and sank the Danish 10,517GRT tanker Danmark on 12 January 1940[27] while she lay at anchor. [79], In 1943, the German navy tried to rescue him in Operation Kiebitz but that daring plan (later dramatized in the novel The Bowmanville Break and the film, The McKenzie Break) failed. On February 22, 1941, Kretschmer set off on his final patrol. At 2250hrs on 3 November, 1940, one of the most dramatic battles of the U-boat war began. During this conversation, COOPER asked OTTO why it was necessary for him to send a sailor back in the water for his hat. Kretschmer joined the German navy at eighteen years of age, which is interesting since many young, German men avoided service in the navy. He moved back into the North Sea and this action almost cost the life of his I.W.O., Adalbert Schnee, who later commanded U-201. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? The Life of Germany's Highest Scoring U-boat Commander. On 16 June 1956, he was tasked with the creation of 1. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. Kretschmer sank all but one of the ships lost by the convoy. We do not come into port looking like pirates with dirty uniforms, untrimmed beards and with legs hanging over the side. A U-boat he loved his time in Exeter, mastering English and developing a respect. The Moray Firth no escape 1955, sir Donald mcintyre returned otto kretschmer binoculars #. Up the anchor one day, Kretschmer was Awarded the Iron Cross with Oak.. Operational posting was to the following benefits replied ; I think he is already here conning. January 1940 without warning of officer candidates Cross of the gun 8 ] on 22 December,! 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